Strategies for Motivating Resistant Elementary School Students in Research Paper

Methodologies for Motivating Resistant Elementary School Students in Urban Communities - Research Paper Example The aim of this examination is instruction as one of the most goal and basic parts consistently for each person so as to get effective and thrive or succeed in their life. Hence, the worth and noteworthiness of field of training can't go under obliviousness by any individual on the planet. In addition, it has gone to a perception that in the twenty first century of present day world, the quintessence, and noticeable quality of instruction has escalated and expanded to vital statures. Albeit, each culture speaks to the worth and job of information, yet a decent quality essential or rudimentary training is imperative and key in each culture. Since the world is in a period of encountering novel and creative headways and advancements in the contemporary world, this has acquired productive changes and enhancements the training and learning practice and educational plans for the understudies. In addition, the encouraging strategies and procedures are likewise changing and has become a cont inuous procedure on a persistent premise that is leaving an ineradicable impact on to the exhibitions of the understudies and their advancement. Training is in addition a procedure where the understudies acquire and raise their insight, comprehension and knowledge that goes under edification, explanation, and clarification for their zones of interests. These zones of interests of the understudies at that point become their fields of aptitude and capability with the development level of instruction. In any case, it has gone under solid assessment that various understudies don't get the chance to gain the essential or basic training because of a few reasons out of which the poor monetary conditions lies on the main position. This perception has gone under vision and examination particularly in the immature countries. While then again, it has likewise gone under sight that the created countries because of their solid practical conditions can give the understudies quality instruction th at not just suspends

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Task Example Applying the above hypothesis to this coursework talk, we can likewise declare that understudies have a desire for what concentrating in the UK organizations should offer them. On the issue of concentrating in the United Kingdom, this current coursework mostly means to explore the degree to which understudies have gotten mindful of monetary issues that are confronted with understudies who are joining colleges. In this manner, the coursework will offer data and guidance on what first year undergrad ought to hope to spend their cash on when they show up at the college and a harsh gauge of these expenses. Also, the coursework will feature on the wellsprings of money that are accessible to understudies. Students’ consumption spending plan According to Davey (2008), understudies learning at UK foundations are confronted with a financial plan as they should cook for their necessities and spread their own costs, this more specifically for understudies are boarding at their learning o rganizations. Subsequently, for first year college understudies the main thing that they ought to learn is money related administration and appropriate planning so as to experience the whole term without monetary obstacles and have the option to completely focus on their examinations. Among the basic use that understudies are confronted with, incorporate lease, food, correspondence (versatile/web), understudy supplies, board charge, transport, utilities, and banking charges, for example, opening a UK account. Gauge of an understudy financial plan For first year understudies who will embrace a course that runs for a long time, the basic spending gauges are introduced in the table beneath. A 3 years course Amount in GBP Annual charges 2500 The living costs Books 62 Clothes 178 Concerts/film 50 Travel home 50 Monthly consumption Rent 340 Bar/eatery bills 77 Food 130 Mobile telephone 36 Transport 12 Shopping 69 Households bills 65 Other random 20 Total Amount 37, 524 Based on this aggre gate sum that understudies will spend for their whole 3 years course, the yearly sum that understudies will be required to have is 12508, on per term premise the necessary sum is 4168.33 while on month to month premise it is 1042.33. Evans (2011) expressed that for understudies concentrating in the UK, there are different wellsprings of money that they can abuse so as to cover for their costs and this prohibited finances that can be accommodated by their folks or gatekeepers. Among the accessible sources, incorporate understudy advances, allows that are offered every year, acquiring from low maintenance work, and occasion employments. The gauge sums that understudies could produce from these sources are as per the following; Students’ conceivable pay Student advance in addition to allow every year 6000 Part-time work 60 Holiday occupations 2500 Total 8560 The yearly consumption spending plan for understudies as it was noted was 12,508 and the harsh assessments for studentsâ⠂¬â„¢ conceivable salary every year is 8560 altogether. In this manner, it implies that on yearly premise understudies will have a deficiency of 3948. This deficit could either be secured by a finances got from guardians or salary earned from extra low maintenance occupations and occasions employments. In any case, it is of embodiment to take note of that for understudies to connect a lot in occupations is almost certain to meddle with their training and they may wind up have decreasing exhibitions. The other key cost that was excluded from the financial plan is social insurance costs for the understudies. This was deliberately barred due to the way that medicinal services cost for understudies is likewise charged as a feature of the all out school expenses,

Water Pollution In The Brunei River

Water Pollution In The Brunei River The survey is planned for recovering data on the occupants view of water contamination in the Brunei River especially in the water town. Since the motivation behind the exploration is to see how the inhabitants of the various zones in the water town (Kampong Ayer) see water contamination in the Brunei River, the objective populace is the occupants of the water town as they are the ones who live on the Brunei River. The survey is partitioned into three areas which are as per the following: Section A Residents Perception of Water Pollution in the Water Village, Section B Method of Waste Disposal and Section C Personal Particulars. Fundamentally every one of the various areas in the poll structure a necessary piece of the information expected to answer the points set out for this venture. Besides, from the inquiries presented in the survey, I will have the option to analyze the connection between factors, for example, age, occupation and most noteworthy instruction fulfillment and the view of water contamination. Certain inquiries are likewise planned for discovering approaches to improve the condition in the Brunei River. Aside from that, some shut inquiries are joined by open-finished inquiries with the goal that I can diagram the conceivable causal variables that lead to water contamination in the Brunei River. The consideration of open-finished inquiries may to be sure give more data however they can be very intricate to classify examine. What's more, the way that a large portion of the inquiries are shut inquiries implies that it will be simpler to ask, reply and break down the, anyway this likewise implies ‘they can experience the ill effects of the inclination of obliging the reactions into specific classes (Parfitt, 2005, p.91). Since the contextual investigation for the venture amasses in the water town, the testing technique actualized here will be the defined inspecting. This system is liked with the goal that the family units in the water town could be separated by their area, that is, as indicated by the various parts or towns in the entire water town itself. By utilizing this strategy, steady inclusion is guaranteed (Lindsay, 1997, p.50). In any case, the issue with this is sure towns may have less (or none by any stretch of the imagination) respondents than others and this leads us to the topic of conveyance of the respondents in the water town. With the end goal of the undertaking, I am intrigued to know the view of the populace from the age of 12 years of age onwards.â And just the nearby inhabitants in the water town will get the poll. The premise of the respondents standards is the way that, the assessments of the neighborhood inhabitants are required as they are the person who communicate with the earth and they have essentially live there since the time they were conceived. There are no age classes yet in the poll as it relies upon the respondents that we can get. Age of the respondents may be arranged once the base quantities of respondents have been distinguished. The base example size for this investigation is 380 individuals. This is because of the way that an expected 39000 individuals live in the water town (Curtis, M.D., 2010). The example size is gotten by utilizing the Sample Size Calculator (CRS, 2010) which permits the client to enter the necessary certainty level, certainty interim and the populace with the goal that it could naturally ascertain the required example size. With the end goal of this examination, the certainty level was set to 95% with a certainty level of 5 and a populace size of 39000. The subsequent example size required for this investigation was seen as 380 individuals. Distinguishing proof of research members is first done by making a meeting with every one of the town heads in various pieces of the Brunei Water Village.â This is on the grounds that, it is an ordinary strategy in Brunei to initially talk about and request endorsement to direct the study from the town chiefs as they can educate the occupants about the review first before really going into the field and leading the overview. Furthermore, the town chiefs will have a rundown of the individuals living in their general vicinity and hence this could be utilized to arbitrarily choose the members. In any case, since the members must incorporate individuals from various age gatherings, for example, understudies, working individuals just as the older, the directing of the survey will be done in various times relying upon who the recognized members are for that specific day. For example, if the focused on gathering of the time is members from the older age gathering, the overview will be directed in the mornings. The best is to go to the early morning petitions in the town mosque to arbitrarily pick a couple of members. The best time to lead the review is on Fridays and Sundays where individuals don't need to go to work. Furthermore, in this manner I can gain admittance to distinguished members who are working or are understudies. It is fundamental to get the discernment inhabitants of various age gatherings with the goal that I can look at their perspectives. Since ignorance among the old might be available in the water town, the poll would be regulated by doing it up close and personal. This is to guarantee that I can have a decent input especially as far as the open-finished inquiries in the survey. As expressed by Cloke et al.(2007, p.133), one of the benefits of regulating addresses up close and personal is that it will empower the analyst to decipher the appropriate response gave by the respondents without any problem. This is in all probability because of the way that for this technique, all the respondents need to do is simply tell the appropriate response and the specialist will record it himself/herself in the poll. This is especially significant there are a couple of open-finished inquiries here which might be left replied in the event that it were dependent upon the respondents to fill it in all al one. The appropriate responses gathered for the open-finished inquiries are a fundamental piece of the overview as it will have an impact in the distinguishing proof procedure for the causal elements of water contamination in the Brunei River. Besides, by managing the poll vis-à-vis, I will have the option to connect more with the exploration members. The older individuals in the water town are typically all the more ready to assist in the review if they somehow happened to be met instead of filling in the poll themselves. In any case, the unwavering quality of the information acquired from this up close and personal strategy is totally reliant on how well the questioner (which is me) can decipher the reactions given. References Cloke, P., Cook, I., Crang, P., Goodwin, M., Painter, J. what's more, Philo, C. 2007. Rehearsing Human Geography, London: Sage Publications. CRS (Creative Research Systems). 2010. Test Size Calculator. Gotten to on March first, 2010 from http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm Curtis, M.D. 2010. Bruneis Water Village. Gotten to on March first, 2010 from http://lab.colorsmagazine.com/content/bruneis-water-town Lindsay, J.M. 1997. Procedures in Human Geography. London: Routledge. Parfitt, J. 2005. Poll plan and inspecting, in Flowerdew, R. what's more, Martin, D. (eds). Techniques in Human Geography, pp. 78-109. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.

Malaysia Leisure People - Free Essay Example

General Introduction Trends are changing universally. In Malaysia, a lot of the entertainment is chosen for people to spend their leisure time. Now a days, the standard of living and the stress from work and school is much higher than in previous years, so people now need time to relax just to release the stress. People now a days know how to plan and enjoy their leisure time. There are a lot of ways one can spend their leisure time, they can go to the cinema, traveling or may be reading. Gambling is considered a leisure activity. In this generation, the top most preferred leisure activity by young adults is to go clubbing. In Malaysia, clubbing is one of the famous night entertainments available for those who are between the ages of 18 to 26. This type of entertainment is mushrooming quickly, especially in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. However, the clubs in Malaysia are not spread over a big area. They have specific spots for clubbing, so along these streets are filled with night clubs, bars and discos. Jalan Doraisamy, Jalan P Ramlee, Jalan Tun Razak, and Jalan Sultan Ismail are the few street names on which clubs are on a stretch. These places are where you find the people who are fascinated by night life, a lot of foreigners are found along these streets as well. People v isit these places not only because they want to club, but also because they want to relax after a long day or week. Some tourists are curious about the night life in Malaysia. Some tourists dont get to see these places because they come with children, and such places arent suitable for children. Rush hour is another reason why people would prefer to come to the bar in the evenings during happy hour, just to avoid the traffic. As time passed, clubs, pubs and night clubs with different themes, music and set ups starting opening around these areas. As a result the competition of the nightclub market became bigger and bigger and this is why many club owners joined the market for a while and before too long they had to close down because the competition is too tight. However, Asian Heritage Row is a row of clubs that is located on Jalan Doraisamy. The road is full of clubs facing each other. This dissertation will focus more on the factors that contribute to the success of Asi an Heritage Row. The title is â€Å"The factors influencing the success of Asian Heritage Row† The dissertation will be divided into 3 parts, the 1st part covers about the entertainment industry, nightlife industry as well as the nightlife scene in Malaysia. The 2nd part covers the Analysis of the clubs in Asian Heritage Row out of which 8 of the managers were interviewed. The 3 rd part will be the recommendation of the research. Objectives: The Factors that influence the success of Asian Heritage Row? Define Success in the content of Asian Heritage Row? Answer the significance of the factors In order to achieve these objectives, primary and secondary data will be collected for the methodology. For the primary data qualitative data was used by conducting interviews with 8 of the managers of clubs in Asian Heritage Row. The secondary data was collected from the internet and journal articles. The secondary data is used to back up the statements. Part 1 Theoretical Framework 1.1 Entertainment According to Wikipedia (2008) the word Entertainment is an activity designed to give pleasure or relaxation to an audience (although in the case of a computer game the audience may be only one person). The audience may participate in the entertainment passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in computer games. Hughes (2000) identified the word ‘entertainment is used to include a wide variety of activities such as watching television or playing computer games at home, listening to music, visiting cinema, watching sports, visiting theme parks, and going to discos. Furthermore, Hughes (2000) classified types of entertainment as: 1.2 Night life entertainment According to Wikipedia (2007), nightlife is the collective term for any entertainment that is available and more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. It includes the pubs, night clubs, bars, live music, cabaret, small theatres, small cinemas, shows, and sometimes restaurants a specific area may have (defined here as pubs, bars, cafes, and night clubs). Nightlife entertainment is essentially edgier than daytime amusements and usually more oriented to young adults. â€Å"Studies have shown that the average person will spend three to four hours per weekend in an entertainment environment and will spend an average of 20 to 50 dollars in that timeframe. This trend also shows no signs of declining.† (https://findarticles.com) The night club business isnt a simple business that can be run by anyone; it is not as simple as selling alcohol or just thinking about the latest trend in youths. It is way much more complex than that. Starting up a n ight club needs a lot of financial investments. The success of this business depends on what are the companys goals and the things you could do to make the guest happy that ensures they will come back. â€Å"Most people who get into the nightclub industry do it because they want to have a nightclub and enjoy it and its at night, said co- owner Dalton Alford. They overlook the most important factor, and the reason nightclubs do live is that the office during the day is up and operational. You seldom see it.† (https://findarticles.com) 1.2.1 Different types of Night life entertainment When most people hear the word night life they think of only a club, while actually there are a few types of clubs. They have different names; some are called Bars while others have different names. These places differ because of the facilities they provide in their establishments. The target market to these establishments differs as well. These are the different types of night life entertainment. 1.2.1.1 Bar The Wikipedia (2007) describes bar as a business that serves drinks, especially alcoholic beverages such as beer, liquor, and mixed drinks, for consumption on the premises. Bars provide stools or chairs for the patrons along tables or raised counters. Some bars have entertainment on a stage, such as a live band, comedians, go-go dancers, a floor show or strippers. Bars that are part of hotels are sometimes called long bars or hotel lounges There are as much bars as there are night clubs in Malaysia, these bars usually only serves drinks and light snacks, there are no dance floors. Some of them have live band performance while others have a DJ (Disc Jockey) playing the music. Most of the people who visit these bars are business men from overseas as well as local ones who need a drink after a long day at work. 1.2.1.2 Discotheques The word has been shortened to â€Å"Disco†. The term refers to a style of music that is influenced by Funk, Soul Music and salsa. The main attraction in a disco is the dance floor. People go there to dance. The songs played are from recorded sources. Live band is also played from time to time. This is played to entertain the customers when the songs are not played from the recorded sources (www.disco-disco.com). 1.2.1.3 Pubs Originally called public house but now known as â€Å"pubs†, this drinking establishment was originally found in the United Kingdom and Ireland but now found globally. Pubs used to be located in small English towns. Pubs are social places for the sale and consumption of mainly alcoholic beverages. Most pubs offer a wide range of beers, wines, spirits and alcoholic beverages. In the 1930s the Anglo French writer Hillarie Belloc penned the following cautionary warning† when you have lost your inns, drown your empty selves, for you will have lost the last of England† 1.2.1.4 Night Clubs A Nightclub is a drinking, dancing, and usually similar to bars, pubs or taverns, by the inclusion of a dance floor and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded dance and pop music. The music in nightclubs is either live bands or, more commonly a mix of songs played by a DJ through a powerful PA system. Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music, garage, Hip-Hop, or salsa. Most of the clubs, bars, and lounges in Malaysia are categorized as night clubs. This is because the clubs have all the criteria that match a night club. Their main customers are young adults commonly known as youths. 1.3 Night Life in Malaysia Kuala Lumpur being the capital of Malaysia is a developing city with high rise buildings, shopping malls, restaurants, highways and entertainment spots. Out of their entertainment spots, a big portion of them are Night clubs, karaoke bars, pubs, lounges, jazz bars, discos, wine bars, and different types of restaurants. These are all scattered all around the city. Being a Muslim country, authorities enforce a 3am closure ruling for nightspots in Kuala Lumpur city areas, while clubs and pubs in urban areas in the vicinity of residential estates have to close at 1am. Occasionally, the police will conduct raids on random places to check for illicit drugs, prostitution and other vices of society. However, alcohol is sold freely in Malaysia and the legal drinking age is 21 (as cited in www.kuala-lumpur.ws). Night life entertainment can be found in a few places in Kuala Lumpur. The clubs, bars and lounges are normally on a stretch along a road. But some of them are scattered el sewhere. The three famous spots that have clubs on a stretch are the Asian Heritage Row, Jalan Sultan Ismail and Bangsar. For pubs and bars are mostly along Hartamas and Bukit Bintang. 1.3.1 Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur Jalan Bukit Bintang where the entertainment clubs are there is the road adjacent to Starhill. The KL Plaza has numerous lively cafà ©s, bars and pubs. Starting with the Foxx discotheque at the basement until Planet Hollywood that is situated next to Starhill. 1.3.2 Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan P. Ramlee The beauty of these two roads is that it is the intersection point of club central in Kuala Lumpur. Located just opposite of the Shangri-La. It is one of the best places to go clubbing. The clubs are tidily huddled together with some of the best DJs performing from week to week. Along this road are not only clubs but there are a few hotels as well. The Concord Hotel and the Equatorial hotel are located there. 1.3.3 Sri Hartamas, Kuala Lumpur Tucked away in the neighbourhood of Sri Hartamas is an area of business that has blossomed into its nightlife. Ranging from pool, darts, foosball or even wine, you cant miss these places with their terrific dà ©cor and relaxing ambience with lovely alfresco areas and comfortable couches. You can even hang out to watch the football premier league at Hartamas Square. SOULed OUTs new address has shifted to Sri Hartamas as well. 1.4 Asian Heritage Row Asian Heritage Row (AHR) runs along Jalan Doraisamy, which is situated just off Jalan Sultan Ismail, next to the Sheraton Imperial Hotel. It is located in the heart of the city and is growing in popularity as a preferred destination for the young and trendy. Three years ago this area near Kampung Baru wouldnt be such a pleasant site to be seen. Along this road were pre-war houses that were abandoned. The founder had a mission of turning these old abandoned houses into an entertainment area, whilst maintaining the heritage. That is why the clubs and restaurants in Asian Heritage Row have the design of very old houses. The 80 year old houses have been transformed into a row of elegant and charming restaurants, cafes, bars, and clubs and even have a foot reflexology salon. In following with the traditions of the city, Asian Heritage Row was developed to encapsulate the citys past, present and future. As with most great cities of the world, which have their unique cultural a nd leisure districts (e.g. Montmart in Paris, Soho in New York, Lan Kwai Fong in Hong Kong and Clark Quay in Singapore) (www.asianheritagerow.com) 1.4.1 The Night Clubs 1.4.1.1 Wine Room Wine Room as you can see from its name is a lounge that specializes in wine, the wine room has a capacity of 100 people inside, 50 people outside and standing room for another 50. The atmosphere at the Wine Room is relaxed, and is often crowded with local celebrities. They serve light meals such as cheese platter, pizzas and other finger food that are served with a good selection of wines, champagnes, cigars, liquor and imported beers 1.4.1.2 Heritage Mansion Heritage Mansion aims to provide a different and refreshing lifestyle space for its customers. Till date, there is no food and beverage entertainment venue which is relaxed and chilled out in atmosphere in the weekdays, while it transform its self into a club by weekends. Heritage Mansion is open to selected group of people, which means not everyone can go there. This place is more for elite members of the society. 1.4.1.3 Kristao Kristao is one of the outlets along Heritage Row and the first restaurant-bar on the street that specializes in Malaccan Portuguese cuisine. Its a very homey two-floor establishment with an attractive selection of wines, liquor, beers and cocktails. Kristao also has the record of having the longest happy hours, from 11:00am to 9.00pm daily with the kitchen staying open till 1 am with seating for up to 100 people. 1.4.1.4 The Rupee Room The Rupee Room is all about great music and a friendly atmosphere that gives you a touch of Bollywood. This is the only club along the Asian Heritage Row that plays Indian music. The Rupee Room has just opened in the past year. They are a branch from the rupee room in Singapore 1.4.1.5 Bar Blonde Bar Blonde, one of the earlier bars to open on Asian Heritage Row. It is particularly designed for events big or small. Bar Blonde plays the music from their live band that performs rather than using a DJ. Bar Blonde has a very unique promotion, blondes can get a drink on the house. 1.4.1.6 The Loft Kuala Lumpur The Loft Kuala Lumpur was established in January 2005. The Loft is a combination of a Fine Dining, Lounging and Clubbing. They have separated all the 3 into 4 different places. Upstairs Club Lounge The Upstairs Club Lounge is spread over what used to be 4 shop lots. This part of the Loft is more into clubbing than lounging or dining. The loft has a stage and a catwalk area in the middle which makes it ideal to hold events in. Mezza Notte Mezza Notte is the dining part of The Loft. It is an Italian fine dining restaurant which is equipped with a sushi bar. However the restaurant serves a wide range of wines of the world and cigars as well. Ye Chine Ye Chine Restaurant serves authentic Chinese cuisine, including dim sum. The restaurant also has a garden indoor dining area, an island bar and a skylight roof. Cynna House Lounge Cynna has a lounge on the exterior and a clubbing area in the interior. It has a reputation of the venue for fine clubbing and VIP service. 1.4.1.7 Palacio Palacio means Palace in Latin. Palacio is a restaurant that specializes in French and Spanish cuisine. There are 3 ambiances in the restaurant. You can experience a fine dinner on the 1st floor, chill out in Palacios cozy tapas bar on the ground floor or enjoy sunshine in the Palacio front garden. 1.4.1.8 Bed Bed is one of the clubs located on the left hand side of the street; it has 2 areas, the 1st floor and lower floor. The 1st floor plays a different music from the lower floor. They serve a wide array of liquors, wines, champagnes. 1.4.1.9 Atrium Atrium, a club that has a stage for a live band to perform as well. They have different days on which the DJ plays and some days when the live band leads the crowd. They serve food as well as beverages. 1.5 Market Segmentation The Marketing concept calls for understanding customers and satisfying their needs better than the competition. But different customers have different needs, and it is rarely possible to satisfy all customers by treating them alike (www.netmba.com). In order to cater to all customers needs, we need to segment the market into several segments. There are four ways in which you can segment a market: Geographical segmentation Geographic segmentation divides the market into different geographical units; they can be neighbourhoods, cities, counties, countries, or world regions such as Europe or South East Asia etc. Such segmentation will seek to identify factors, which should be taken into account in developing appropriate marketing strategies for each area, including Language, Climate, and Lifestyles. Demographic segmentation Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on demographic variables including age, gender, family size and life cycle. Psychographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics. It is based on the assumption that the types of products and brands an individual purchases will reflect that persons characteristics and patterns of living. Behavioural segmentation Behavioural segmentation divides the market into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses and responses to the product. So if a person is a regular visitor to a club they may be segmented into this segment. 1.6 The factors contributing to the success of nightclubs There are a lot of factors that contribute to the success of a nightclub. Every nightclub has to try and make their own place unique in their own ways. From the articles that are mentioned below, there are some factors that contribute to the success of night clubs. 1.6.1 Promotion and Special Occasions Promoting the nightlife establishment is something that all club owners do as this lets people know about the club, special occasions are events that is held once in a while in order to attract customers to the club. The article â€Å"What savvy club owners do to make their topless clubs successful while others fail miserably† wrote by Jack Corbett said that â€Å"†¦offers the reasonably prices of alcohol to customers starting from 8 pm to 10 pm buckets of beers specials†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this is an example of happy hour. This is a promotion done by majority of clubs all over the world. â€Å"The main idea is to offer a new entertainment experience night after night. This is the key ingredient for success and profitability, as well as longevity, in the nightclub industry† (https://findarticles.com). Happy Hour is a type of promotion done by a lot of club owners. Happy hour is the hours of the night in which the club offers discounts on a number of drinks. These hours normally vary from country to country and from club to club. In Malaysia happy hour is from 5pm to 9pm. While in Indonesia it is from 5pm to 8pm. In Australia, the happy hour is from 6pm to 8pm. Firstly as those are the hours in which a club has no business, the cheap drink helps the club to attract customers. 1.6.2 Advertising Entertainment clubs has to advertise, if they dont advertise there are a very low percentage of them surviving in the business. Clubs should advertise in magazines. This would create awareness in the customers. Jack Corbett mentioned â€Å"†¦Great review to the competitor while mentioning it all in the magazine believing that any kind of news at all is good news†. Magazines normally recommend clubs to their readers; this will make your club one of the clubs that would be recommended to the readers. 1.6.3 Hiring Staff Staff hiring is essential to any business, a good staff team would create a good working environment and would make the customers happy. Jack Corbett Mentioned â€Å"†¦feature entertainers are the real professionals in the business.† 1.6.4 Environments and menu Nightclub Bar Magazine mentioned â€Å"†¦should doing a lot of special effects and theatre things but you never saw before in the clubs.† This means that clubs should have a special features in them in order to get the customers curious about what would it be like inside. This curiosity will get the customers into the club. The clubs should change the look of their club from time to time so as not to bore the customers. The menu is something that you should change from time to time as well. This is because right now the trend is to fuse everything together. So bartenders are coming with new and unique ways to draw customers attention to the drinks. One example is the flaming. Flaming is when a drink, such as Sambuca, is set alight. The customer then blows out the flames and shots the drink. Another example is when the martini glass is kept below a Galliano bottle and then the bar tender pours the flaming mixture from the top of the Galliano bottle and customers drink it from the martini glass with the help of a straw. 1.6.5 Music and Disc Jockey From the 60s to the 70s the most suggested place to listen to music is at a disco. During those times people liked to dance. Now days even everyone dances because of disco music. This statement is from Is Disco Dead â€Å"†¦I love the disco today; dance music is more alive and disco music has more feelings than todays dance tracks† this means that is because of the music now a days that teenagers go to the clubs. They go to listen to the music and dance to the beat. So the music of a club really matters to attract customers. The DJs job is to control the music. So the DJ playing in the club also is another factor. 1.6.6 Cover Charge and Services Cover Charge is defined as a fee for entry to an establishment, often it is referred to a bar or a night club. The term â€Å"no cover† or â€Å"no cover charge† relays that such establishment allows entry at no cost. From the journals I found on the internet. Tonic Brian Arbuckle, Elissa Ferenbach, Doug Devitre and Frank Lee who did a research regarding clubbing, found that. â€Å"†¦the respondents said they would choose another club if the club charged a cover before entering†, and â€Å"†¦more than seventy percent of the respondents were likely to choose the bar with the lower cover.† This shows that majority of the people like to go to clubs where the cover charge is low. So the cover charge of a club also is another factor that will influence the number of people that comes in the club. A 1,000-person capacity nightclub will typically accommodate approximately 1,500 people in the five-hour span of operation. A $5 door charge, in addition to a conservative figure of $12.25 collected from each patron in alcohol sales, would generate approximately $30,000 in nightly revenue. (https://findarticles.com) In every club there must be a server to serve the customers. From the survey taken by Tonic Brian Arbuckle, Elissa Ferenbach, Doug Devitre and Frank Lee found out that â€Å"†¦waitresses do play an important role on how people choose which bar to go to† they play an important role because they are the ones that provide the service. So the better the service is the more people would want to come to the club. Business men for an example, they prefer for the waitress to come to the table and take the order rather than having to go to the bar to get their drinks. Some servers can also influence the people who choose the bar because of their professionalism. So the service staff play an important role as well. Part 2 Methods and Findings One of main areas of the research is the methodology. This is the part where the different methods used to obtain the information as well as the results to the research and the analysis are explained. The information that is used in this research is primary as well as secondary information. The primary data is obtained from interviews that have been conducted and the secondary data has been gathered from books, journals and websites. However the secondary data is more reliable as it has been verified and published. Secondary data has been obtained from several different sources such as the internet, newspaper, journals, magazines, college notes etc. 2.1 Research methodology This section will describe the idea of how data was collected to answer the research questions, methods and techniques used for the data collection and how it was implemented to the research objectives. The objectives of this study are: The Factors that influence the success of Asian Heritage Row? Answer the significance of the factors? 2.1.1 Research Questions In order for the objectives to be answered, a systematic order of questions is formulated to apply with the objectives. Objective 1: What are the factors that influence the success of Asian Heritage Row? Objective 2: how important are the factors that contribute to the success of Asian Heritage Row? In the research questions, the problematic reasons for this research may be stated. These questions should be answered at the end of the research. 2.1.2 Research Design According to Rees (1996) Dingwall et al, (1988), Qualitative research involves broadly stated questions about human experience and reality, studied true sustain contact with people in their natural environment, generating rich, descriptive data that helps us to understand their experience and attitudes. Rees (1997) emphasizes that rather than presenting the results in the form of statistics, qualitative research produces words in the form of comments and statements. Its aim is to find out peoples feelings and experiences from their own point of view rather than from that of the researcher. General Conclusion Part 1 explained entertainment, because Night life is a form of entertainment. There are two types of entertainment, at home and away from home. Nightlife entertainment is entertainment away from home. Youths are more likely to choose entertainment that are away from home. This is because young people really like going for nightlife entertainment. The history of the night life entertainment in Malaysia was also explained, which highlighted when the first night life in Malaysia opened. The different types of reasons for a night club to be successful were also explained. As the topic is about Asian Heritage Row, Asian Heritage Row was explained briefly about the clubs that are available there. Part 1 of my research became a guideline to progress further with the dissertation. Part 2 was started off by explaining the licensing system in Malaysia with the 3 different types of license that are available. In order to be able to answer the research questions, interviews were conducted with Managers of clubs in Asian Heritage Row, to identify the factors leading to its success. Being a Muslim country it was thought that it would be rather complicating for promoting, advertising etc. but surprisingly, the theories that were found out more or less matched the factors of why Asian Heritage had been a successful place. From the findings that were analysed, the factors leading to the success of Asian Heritage Row suggest that the clubs can still be successful with such high competition, as the competition available brings more people into the general area. The more the people the better it is for business. Besides that, the promotion, advertising and music also act as factors to the success of Asian Heritage Row. It is because of these things that the target market is informed that there are changes or have something different to show your customers. Customers always want something new so that they are always entertained. The Music in Asian Herita ge Row varies from club to club, in fact some clubs play different types of music on different days. The cover charge and service also influences peoples choices in choosing clubs. The cover charge shouldnt be too expensive as people might find it not worth it but at the same time it shouldnt be too cheap as that would result in an influx of lower class people. The service of a club influences the choice of a consumer as well. Service includes the staff, environment and music. If you can give top notch service to your clients, they will for surely come back. Club owners should make sure they change the dà ©cor periodically just so that they dont get bored. Part 3 recommends what can be done to make Asian Heritage Row a better place, by adding more facilities into the area. Though the area is fully developed, they still havent been able to execute making it a very safe place. During the process this dissertation there have been few limitations. The major limitation fac ed is lack of information. This is due to the lack of time and when the interviews could be conducted. The managers were too busy with their own work and tried to answer briefly, so it was difficult to ascertain how they really felt. Some of them refused to be interviewed as they didnt have time. To complete this research again, I would collect the primary data using questionnaires. This is because questionnaires are more accurate as you have more respondents and structured answers when compared to interviews.

Short Story - 707 Words

Before John has the chance to act as a gentleman, I drag my chair out and slide into it, refusing to remove my jacket. Furthermore, I fold my arms and rest them on the table while maintaining the scowl on my face as I glare out the window at nothing in particular. â€Å"Your waitress will be over soon, but can I get you both a drink?† offers the woman. â€Å"Ill have a beer, whatevers on tap,† says John. â€Å"Coke,† I say without emotion. â€Å"Whats wrong with you?† asks John, gaining my full attention as I penetrate my fury upon him. â€Å"Youre kidding, right?† His face fills with bewilderment. I scoff. â€Å"Whats with all the flirting back there?† I stretch my hand behind me to point towards the podium. â€Å"You even asked for her number. Couldnt you have†¦show more content†¦As soon as his glass reaches the table, he gathers it to take a long drink of it, finishing half the glass before returning it to the table. â€Å"Are you ready to order?† she asks. Until now, I havent taken a glimpse at the menu, my appetite vanished the moment we step inside the building. â€Å"Yeah, Ill have a loaded burger and another beer, thanks,† says John, giving me no time to ponder my meal. â€Å"And for you?† asks the woman. Instead of opening the menu, I scan the pictures of burgers on the front. â€Å"If you have a plain burger, that will be fine.† â€Å"With fries?† â€Å"Sure.† I lean back in my chair and watch her graceful hands gather our menus, though I refrain from glancing at her. â€Å"Is this how youre going to be for the rest of the night?† asks John. I refuse to answer him. Instead, I remain staring at the burn mark from a cigarette on the table. â€Å"I said I was sorry, what more do you want?† An explanation from Patsy. â€Å"Please, Eva, talk to me.† â€Å"When are you working next?† I ask with no emotion, drifting my gaze up to greet him once again, though the morose expression remains on my face. â€Å"Tomorrow, why?† I shrug my shoulders. â€Å"No reason, just making conversation.† â€Å"Did you enjoy the garden? You seemed to.† â€Å"Yeah, it was okay.† He gathers his glass the drain the rest of his drink. As he rests it back on the table, I watch the foam glide back down the glass. 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The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. 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Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

A History of Theatrical Illumination Essay Example For Students

A History of Theatrical Illumination Essay Lighting as part of the theatrical experience. The evolution of lighting techniques and theatrical structures from candles to bulbs. Electricity: its effects and advantages. Typical lighting devices of the 17th to 19th centuries. Contemporary methods as used in Cirque du Soleils Dralion. Realizations surrounding the practical process that grew into a profound art Theatrical lighting has undergone significant changes from its first utilization to modern application. Illumination is essential to the theatrical experience we are familiar with. When the lights come up, the mood is set. Lighting in a performance context manipulates the audiences attention to focus on what the director has deemed important. When an actor or space is no longer an integral part the lights around them dim, dismissing that component and refocusing on what is lit. This process regularly dominates our experience at the theatre, yet it is often taken for granted. Evidence of innovative devices to maximize, control, and alter light in early theatre illustrates its importance. Artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci were called upon to supervise Italian productions (Cunningham 1998). Technical rehearsals, to allow the technicians to work out problems without actors, began as early as the 1800s. This behind-the-scenes art gained significance rapidly with the refinement of theatre. From daylight shining upon a Greek auditorium to computerized robotic ERSs synchronized with the music of a Broadway show, light has evolved to become one of the most advanced aspects of performance art today. The earliest permanent performance architecture did not include facilities for lighting or stage effects. Theatrical structures were open-air auditoriums and thus the only variation in illumination possible, given the technology, relied on scrupulous timing with the setting sun or the lighting of torches. It was not until the Italian Renaissance that the once outdoor spectacles were given their own enclosed edifices (Cunningham 1998). Until this time candles and torches carried by actors during afternoon garden or courtyard performances helped to suggest place and time of day. A general rule was applied early in the transition to indoor theatre: full illumination when the subject is happy, shade or extinguish light at the first unhappy occurrence (McCandless 1958). This rule was enforced using everyday candles, oil lamps and cressets. Some rudimentary improvements in lighting and effects included crude manipulation of color and the use of reflectors, often made from household or medical implements (Parker Smith 1968). Other manipulation of light included dimming devices. The development of a sloping stage with the addition of footlights was a leap in technology. This combination allowed technicians to direct light towards actors rather then illuminate the entire theatre (Bellman 1967). Placing candles onstage to light scenery also became a regular practice during this time. Some directors were even said to have attached candles to the backs of paper clouds to achieve a desired effect (Parker Smith 1968). During the mid 1700s French and English improvements spread worldwide. Performance lighting was brought behind the proscenium and wing and boarder lights were added (Ridge Aldred 1940). In 1783 kerosene lamps began to replace candles onstage. Soon after gas was used in quantity. Advantages included increased brightness and control of intensity with a newly developed gas-table that allowed lighting to be dimmed (Bowman 1957). The largest disadvantage were the several thousand theatres that burned down between 1800, when gas became mainstream, and the invention of electric light. In 1846 the Paris Opera became the first performance facility to use predominantly electricity (Bellman 1967). Electricity, while safer, was difficult to dim. Technicians manually submerged cables in a solution of salt water to break the current and manipulate intensity. An insulated wire with a metal plate at one end was submerged at the bottom of a non-reactive container; the other wire with a metal weight attached was lowered until the two contacts touched to complete the circuit. The light dimmed as the contacts moved away from one another (McCandless 1958). Sir Henry Irving, of the Lyceum theatre, regularly tested this process before each performance. His practice led to the tradition of dimming the lights before curtain (Hewitt 1952). .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .postImageUrl , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:visited , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:active { border:0!important; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:active , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communication Systems EssayNew electric systems also diminished the warmth audiences had grown accustomed to with gas lighting. These inconveniences were factors in the development of theatres that specifically accommodated electricity. It wasnt until 1882 in Munich that a theatre was built with electricity in mind (Leacroft 1984). By this time most pre-electricity performance spaces were converted. As had been the case with gas, theatres were responsible for their own power sources. A town theatre often possessed the latest amenities before the general public. This left the theatre owners to create their own gas lines and eventually their own generators for the demanding power requirements of performance lighting (Heffner Selden 1959). The theatre has sought command over light for hundreds of years. The first dimming devices were nothing more then candles and 17th century house hold items. Even at that time inventions were complex. Nicola Sabbattini had a device specifically for showing hell. Let A be the pot in which we pass the piece of torch BC, long enough to let B come out of the top and C remain below the pot. When the time comes to use it, some one must hold part C in his hands, the torch having been lighted at B. When we want the torch to be thrown on the stage, the pot will be rapidly lifted, and the resin will come out of the holes which were made in the paper D, and catching fire will result in a big flame. Thus, the other men will do the same thing from time to time while the trap is open. Sabbattini was responsible for many early developments. He was also credited with being the first to place a doctors basin behind a light source, creating the first reflector-spotlight. A similar design was later used with electric light (Rosenthal Wertenbaker 1972). discovered that by heating a piece of lime to a high temperature with a hydrogen and oxygen flame it became incandescent and produced an intense white light (Sellman 1984). The nature of the light required constant attention of an operator making it useable only is specialized applications. The intense light was a realistic representation of sunlight through a window or the moon in the dead of night. By 1860 the limelight was commonly used as a follow-spot. These gadgets were impressive for their time. Its only natural that we should be producing equally impressive apparatus for the 21st century. Luc Lafortune is a lighting technician and designer for Cirque du Soleil. Lafortune adapted the original lighting configurations for Dralion, Cirques most recent show, for their North American tour. He describes the complex assortment of instruments used to invoke each element of the show. Audience members surround the stage on three sides; a massive tent supported by four towers covers the entire arena. Lighting instruments are mounted on the towers and the scaffolding between them. Some instruments are operated traditionally during the show by a technician at a computerized lightboard. These are stationary lamps focused to particular areas of the stage as well as robotic lamps. Robotic instruments are capable of moving independently during a performance. Although similar lights are responsible for the visual effects associated with rock concerts, these lights are capable of more refined applications and are employed by many ballet companies. An instrument movement is programmed into a computer before performances begin. To allow for slight variations in each show cues are administered to coordinate the timing of performers and lights. A light board operator usually gives these cues, but in a musical performance cues can be programmed into a musical instrument. When a keyboardist or drummer plays a particular combination of notes a lighting instrument moves to the next programmed area. (The performers) are mesmerizing to watch, comments Lafortune. The light is there to compliment them. .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .postImageUrl , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:visited , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:active { border:0!important; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:active , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlets famous soliloquy EssayYou dont want to know the light is there, changing, you want to feel it as part of a great show. Although at times progression was slow, lighting development experienced two great leaps forward-candlelight to gas and gas to electricity. The practical objects put to use in early instruments is astounding. The simplicity of design combined with the complexity of their effect is perhaps the most interesting elements of dramatic lighting history. When contrasted with the sophisticated, technical instruments of the 21st century a significant evolution is obvious.

Power in Language and Culture free essay sample

Power is considered to be the anthem of success-whoever holds power holds ascendancy over the society. However, whomever has ascendency over that society has to have means of communicating to the inferior. The way rulers communicate to their inferiors is a key part of society, and dictates the syntax of the language. Therefore power reflects on the flexibility and structure of the language. In Mrs. Bradys class lectures describing The History of the English language she states that before Viking invasions the Pagan Anglo-Saxon language consisted mainly of religious, domestic and mundane words such as fork, mile, table, alter, mass and chool. In 1066 A. D Norman Vikings overtook the society and added new words such as scream, take and skull these words allowed for aggression in the culture. Along with the aggressive word change the Vikings also degraded Anglo-Saxon words creating synonyms that now have a more powerful meaning for example the Anglo- Saxon word wish and the Norman word want. We will write a custom essay sample on Power in Language and Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Customarily the Vikings were very hostile and aggressive people and their contributions to the English language reflect their virulent ways. The Vikings were able to harness their power to create a lasting nfluence on the language and culture of the inferior societies they overtook. Modern English is currently the connecting language used world-wide to communicate. It is described as dominate for many reasons in The Mother Tongue. A specific example given by Bill Bryson is a ited factor in setting English apart from other languages is flexibility. In the United States, Americans give respect where it is needed; there is no hierarchy where respect or a certain dialect is required to talk to another person. The fact that American culture is not based around power allows the language to have versatility. The government is people-based; the power granted to Americans through the constitution allows for variety and freedom of speech. For example female rights activists are able to speak o ut against misogynist beliefs. Though the power structure in America is composed of mostly men, women are unaffected by it, and are still able to speak out against the gender that makes up the majority of the government. American feminism is a prime example of how the power structure can have no effect on the language due to its basis on freedom and equality. In Outliers, chapter seven The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes, Malcom Gladwell describes the errible crash of Korean Airlines Flight 801 in 1997 caused by lack of communication through pilots. Unlike our American government Korea has different expectations for their language. It demands that members of higher rank be addressed properly. Not allowing for casual non-specific terms such as you. Koreans are obliged to be deferential toward their elders and superiors in a way that would be unnecessary in the U. S. Koreans must show respect for the people that hold power therefore speaking monotone causing serious situations to sound less urgent then they actually are. Another example of powers influence on language and culture is the example of Chris Langan vs. Robert Oppenheimer: Here we have two very brilliant young students, each of whom runs into a problem that imperils his college career. Langans mother has missed a deadline for his financial aid. Oppenheimer has tried to poison his tutor. To continue on, they are required to lead their cases to authority. sent to a psychiatrists. Oppenheimer and Langan might both be geniuses, but in other ways, they could not be more different (98). Oppenheimer grew up amongst a surplus of power, and so it affected the way that he spoke. He knew how to speak so hat he could get the most effect out of his words, and thus the power worked as an advantage to him and the way he uses language. Langan, in contrast, grew up extremely impoverished. He only had one set of clothes, his mother knew nothing about the way the world worked outside of their small town in Montana, and his step- father was an alcoholic and abuser. There was no positive form of power surrounding him, and thus his language skills were insufficient when he tried to convince his superiors to renew his scholarship. In social class structures there is power that either works to the advantage or disadvantage of the language. In George Orwells dystopian fiction novel 1984 the totalitarian government formats a society in which all members of the party are brain washed. In the appendix of the book Orwell discusses the importance the language, Newspeak, plays on the society. Euphony outweighed every consideration other than exactitude of meaning, (pg308) The language created by Ingsoc, called Newspeak, was used against the population in order to keep power. Newspeak was made up of doublethink words such as blackwhite and goodthink this made it impossible for the society to bond and connect with one another due to lack of cadence and meaning. Using language as a tool to control the culture rid society of their independence to think freely, ultimately turning them into mindless slaves of the government. A real-world example of a totalitarian societies control over language is Hitlers Nazi Germany. The Nazi regime aspired to inflict the same control over the people as Ingsoc did. In Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler states: The chief function of propaganda is to convince the masses, who slowness of understanding needs to be given time in order that they may absorb information; and only constant repetition will finally succeed in imprinting an idea on heir mind .. the slogan must of course be illustrated in many ways and from several angles, but in the end one must always return to the assertion of the same formula. The one will be rewarded by the surprising and almost incredible results that such a personal policy secures. Culturally, the Nazi regime was anti-modern. Censorship and propaganda ensured that Germans could only see what the Nazi hierarchy wanted people to see, hear what they wanted them to hear and read only what the Nazis deemed acceptable. Ultimately giving the Nazis full control over the mindset of their people. Forcing them to perceive that what they were doing was correct and thus socially acceptable. Moreover, whoever holds ascendancy over a culture has the ability to modify and manipulate the language however they want. Language can be used as a tool to gain power, or the people in power can use it as a tool to keep power. It can also be an effect rather than a cause; the way that power is exercised can have an indirect effect on the language. Whether direct or indirect, power has a lasting and critical impact on the language of any culture where a power structure is present.